ISP Information:
This interface was designed to supplant the VL-Bus architecture and provide a standard slot with a reduced size for high-speed peripherals. It normally runs at 33MHz on a 32-bit bus in a PC, but the specification allows for 64-bit and 66MHz operation that provides up to 532 MB of data transfer per second.
ISP Glossary:
PCI - 1. Executive SummarySince they were enacted in 1998, the "anti-circumvention" provisionsof the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"), codified in section1201 of the Copyright Act, have not been used as Congress envisioned.Congress meant to stop copyright pirates from defeating anti-piracyprotections added to copyrighted works, and to ban "black box" devicesintended for that purpose.In practice, the anti-circumvention provisions have been used tostifle a wide array of legitimate activities, rather than to stopcopyright piracy. As a result, the DMCA has developed into a seriousthreat to several important public policy priorities:Section 1201 Chills Free Expression and Scientific Research.Experience with section 1201 demonstrates that it is being used tostifle free speech and scientific research. The lawsuit against 2600magazine, threats against Princeton Professor Edward Felten's team ofresearchers, and prosecution of Russian programmer Dmitry Sklyarovhave chilled the legitimate activities of journalists, publishers,scientists, students, program-mers, and members of the public.Section 1201 Jeopardizes Fair Use.By banning all acts of circumvention, and all technologies and toolsthat can be used for circumvention, section 1201 grants to copyrightowners the power to unilaterally eliminate the public's fair userights. Already, the music industry has begun deploying"copy-protected CDs" that promise to curtail consumers' ability tomake legitimate, personal copies of music they have purchased.Section 1201 Impedes Competition and Innovation.Rather than focusing on pirates, many copyright owners have wieldedthe DMCA to hinder their legitimate competitors. For example, Sonyhas invoked section 1201 to protect its monopoly on Playstation videogame consoles, as well as their "regionalization" system limitingusers in one country from playing games legitimately purchased inanother.Section 1201 Becomes All-Purpose Ban on Access To Computer NetworksFurther, section 1201 has been misused as a new general-purposeprohibition on computer network access which, unlike the severalfederal "anti-hacking" statutes that already protect computer networkowners from unauthorized intrusions, lacks any financial harmthreshold. Disgruntled ex-employer Pearl Investment's use of the DMCAagainst a contract programmer who connected to the company's computersystem through a password-protected Virtual Private Networkillustrates the potential for unscrupulous persons to misuse the DMCAto achieve what would not be possible under existing computer accessregulation regimes.This document collects a number of reported cases where theanti-circumvention provisions of the DMCA have been invoked notagainst pirates, but against consumers, scientists, and legitimatecomp-etitors. It will be updated from time to time as additional casescome to light. The latest version can always be obtained atwww.eff.org.http://www.eff.org/IP/DRM/DMCA/20031003_unintended_cons.phphttp://www.eff.org/IP/DRM/DMCA/20031003_dmca_unintended_cons.pdf
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